The last hours of Valentin Vasilyevich Bondarenko
By Maria Volosatov
Illustration by Elena Osipyan.
March 24th, 1961 – In a dimly lit room, in the intensive care unit of SP Botkin Hospital, lies a soon-to-be state secret. Hours away from death, an IV drips into the sole of the man’s foot, unadorned by the standard-issue Soviet Air Force boots. Traumatologist, Vladimir Golyakhovsky, is on watch—he observes the stillness of the man with dread. The phone is in the other room. The words are rattling through his head—“Due to an absurd tragedy,” “Despite the best efforts of the staff of Botkin hospital, Lt. B—It is with terrible regret that I must inform you that…Valentin Vasilyevich—succumbed to his injuries…during the endurance…” “There was a fire.”
A tap on the door interrupts Golyakhovsky’s torrent of thoughts. He looks up at a young man, another trainee pilot. He squints, unable to make out his features without his spectacles. He is pale, sallow under the sterile luminescence, and his hair is wet under the black fur of his hat.
“Well?”
Golyakhovsky shrugs and gestures to the bed. Well, it is over.
He gets up and limply begins to walk out, when the pilot grabs his arm.
“Did you see it happen?” Up close, the doctor realizes he had seen the man before. Their monochrome faces stare out from the photographs—an amalgamation of severity and duty, to be doctored into happiness once the portrait becomes a stamp. “Did you see if it was an accident?”
At that, the doctor draws away, as if from an adder. He stumbles backwards into the table, the clink of the spoon against the rim of the teacup startling him.
“An accident…of course it was an accident! He…he was in the pressure chamber. He was alone.”
“I know—I was in another one.”
The doctor shakes his head. Of course he was there. They all were. He can still see the red marks where the biosensors had stuck to his skin beneath the collar of his coat. Ten days into the endurance test, 20 days before launch—he could have been one of them.
But in that hospital room, the two of them were finished. In one sense or another. Golyakhovsky feels sorry for the youth—not just the one on the hospital bed. The fact that the young pilot was here, having waited in a Moscowian March to be admitted to see his friend in his final hours…he should be in Baikonur.
The doctor pauses in that thought. Three of them. He was here too. And he had better make that phone call. “I ought to go,” he explains to the man, trying to walk past him. “I ought to call Kamanin and tell him.”
“I should like to hear what you say,” was the reply. Not that whatever Golyakvhosky says will matter—but what Kamanin answers certainly does. “Surely, he will keep it a secret. From the others.”
Of course he will, Golyakvhosky does not dare to say.
The man, however, continues, speaking loudly. Golyakhovsky gestures for him to keep his voice down.
“With the rest of them at Baikonur, and the Americans launching every other week—“
“—that’s classified—”
“—and here we are!” He pinches the bridge of his nose, looks down. “We can’t even keep a fucking dog alive.”
“You shouldn’t have said any of this. Think…think of your comrades. How hard they trained. How demoralizing it will be for them to hear this—I wasn’t there, but you know what I heard he told them?” he gestures to the burned man. “He said ‘it was my fault’. Now that takes a man to admit, doesn’t it? Your friend, he was as good as any of you. And as human as any of you.”
He wants to say more, but cannot find the words. It was as if they both felt the vacuum around them in that moment—a vacuum into which they spoke, not a single word of it transmittable, verifiable, proven.
The young pilot solemnly told the doctor that he would stand deathwatch for his friend. Golyakvhosky nods as he moves towards the phone again, but finds himself needing to clarify. Clarify for himself, who exactly is he dooming to obscurity.
“He was Bondarenko, correct?”
The pilot nods. “Bondarenko. From Kharkiv,” he stresses.
From Kharkiv, yes. Ukrainian SSR. With son and wife.
“And you are Gagarin?”
The cosmonaut trainee turns away. He shakes his head. “No. He’s at Baikonur. Consider what you tell Kamanin…it’s either him, Titov, or Nelyubov for liftoff.”
***
Valentin Vasilyevich Bondarenko was born in Kharkiv, Ukraine, in February of 1937. Having made it to the top 20 candidates of USSR’s first division of cosmonauts, Bondarenko was in the extraordinary elite of cosmonauts 0, with only one among them destined to become the first man to break through the sky. On March 13th, 1961, a month away from Gagarin’s flight, the military pilot bid adieu for a short while to his wife, child, and mother to go on a business trip. This business trip was conducted entirely at the Institute of Biomedical Problems in Moscow, but instead of briefings, Bondarenko was to spend the next 10 days entirely isolated inside of a pressurized chamber, saturated with 68% oxygen.
On March 23rd, 1961, Bondarenko was informed that the tasks were finished for the day. Removing the biosensors from his body, Bondarenko used a cotton ball soaked in alcohol to clean his skin. When discarding the cotton ball, it accidentally landed on a hot plate, which Bondarenko was to use to cook his meals and brew tea. A small fire ignited immediately in the oxygen-rich atmosphere of the enclosed chamber, and in trying to smother the flames, Bondarenko was soon engulfed. He survived for another 16 hours before succumbing to shock.
Attending him at Botkin Hospital was renowned orthopedic surgeon and traumatologist Dr. Vladimir Golyakhovsky. Golyakhovsky had attended to members of the inner circle of Soviet leadership including Khruschev, Olympians, physics Nobel prize winner Landau, and Yuri Gagarin himself, yet wished to keep his professional success far from politics—a privilege that would not last. The necessity of being of one-mind with the Communist Party weighed heavy on his conscience as he was forced to denounce a colleague who had applied to emigrate to Israel—condemnable due to the Communist Party’s deeply rooted antisemitism that culminated in a state-sponsored campaigned, “The Doctor’s Plot.” As the son of a Jewish physician, Golyakhovsky felt that he would be targeted next, and felt deeply ashamed for a lifetime of lies to preserve himself and his family.
Golyakhovsky, his wife Irina, and their son emigrated to New York in 1978. In the States, though no longer the renowned physician mingling in the upper echelons of society, Golyakhovsky was free to write his memoir, The Russian Doctor (1984). His writings detailed the last hours of Bondarenko’s life, and though he initially claimed that the pilot who came to him in those last hours was Yuri Gagarin, the Vostok cosmonauts were at that time at the Baikonur site in Kazakhstan.
The details of Bondarenko’s life and fate were carefully concealed by the Soviet regime. Failed launches and casualties were incredibly detrimental to the reputation of the nation. Since the declassification of documents that accompanied the collapse of the Soviet Union, some of these disasters–including Bondarenko’s–came to light, as did the meticulous and deliberate censure of their existence. Censure which to this day leaves us to guess at the number of space pioneers left behind in obscurity, in favor of the prevailing and illustrious myth of human endurance and ingenuity—at the expense of no one.
References
The First Soviet Cosmonaut Team: Their Lives and Legacies
Colin Burgess and Rex Hall, Springer
Loren Graham NYT Archives “The physician who healed himself” https://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/26/books/a-physician-who-healed-himself.html
John Uri NASA article Feb 2020 “60 Years Ago: Soviets Select Their First Cosmonauts” https://www.nasa.gov/history/60-years-ago-soviets-select-their-first-cosmonauts/
About the author
Maria graduated from the University of Victoria with a double major Bachelor’s degree in Physics and Astronomy. Her particular area of interest is in stellar evolution and spectroscopy, and she enjoys sharing her passion for observational astronomy with her community. She is currently a graduate student at the International Space University.
She also actively pursues her creative ambitions in writing, harbouring a great fondness for poetry, classical literature, fantasy, and science fiction.
As a Co-Editor-in-Chief and a founding member of The Orbiter magazine, she is proud to present the inaugural issue of the magazine alongside its outstanding editorial team.